Magnesium deficiency can show up as muscle cramps and twitches. Tiredness, physical weakness, sleep problems and nervousness or irritability are also common. Headaches can be another possible sign.
Iron deficiency often shows up as persistent tiredness and exhaustion. People affected often look pale and complain of dry skin. Difficulty concentrating, shortness of breath during physical exertion, brittle nails and hair loss can also occur.
Zinc deficiency can weaken the immune system and increase susceptibility to infections. Other possible symptoms include hair loss, brittle nails, slow wound healing and skin problems such as acne or eczema. A declining sense of taste and smell has also been described.
Copper deficiency can lead to anaemia and show up as weakness and tiredness. Neurological symptoms such as numbness may also occur. Changes to skin and hair, such as a loss of hair colour, are possible. A long-term deficiency also increases the risk of osteoporosis.
Chromium deficiency is often associated with cravings for sugar and carbohydrates. Fluctuating blood sugar levels and increased tiredness can also be signs.
Selenium deficiency can impair the body's defences and show up as frequent infections. Hair loss, muscle weakness or muscle pain and changes to the skin and nails have also been observed. In some cases, thyroid function disorders can also occur.
Manganese deficiency can cause growth disorders in children. In adults, possible effects show mainly in the bones and joints, with an increased risk of osteoporosis. Skin problems and impaired glucose tolerance can also occur.
Vitamin A deficiency often shows up as vision problems, especially night blindness. Dry skin and dry eyes may also occur. The immune system can be weakened, and in children it can lead to delayed growth.
A deficiency of B vitamins can lead to tiredness and general weakness. Problems with concentration and memory, nervousness, irritability or low mood are possible signs. Skin problems, cracked lips and hair loss are also frequently described.
Vitamin C deficiency can show up as increased susceptibility to infections. Typical signs also include bleeding gums, slow wound healing, dry and rough skin, and joint and muscle pain. Tiredness is also common.
Vitamin D deficiency is often associated with bone pain, reduced bone density and muscle weakness. Increased susceptibility to infections, persistent tiredness and low mood can also occur.
Vitamin E deficiency can lead to muscle weakness and vision problems. Reduced immune function and neurological symptoms such as tingling or numbness are also possible.
Vitamin K deficiency often shows up as an increased tendency to bleed, for example frequent nosebleeds or bleeding gums. Wound healing may also be slower, and bone problems can develop in the long term.
A deficiency of these nutrients can have various causes, such as an unbalanced diet, increased strain or absorption disorders. It is advisable to see a doctor so that any deficiency can be treated in a targeted and safe way.